Theories Behind Habits On The Brain Reacts And Performs...

Subconscious practices in which the brain reacts and performs tasks without much thought is the clear definition of a habit. Each of us develops various habits throughout our life and it is the subconscious acts we incorporate into daily life over time, often due to their effectiveness at accomplishing particular tasks. While a habit is not categorized as positive or negative, it is the harmful actions that should be altered to ensure a more productive life. Charles Duhigg explains the theories behind habits in The Power of Habit and how we form them in order to save us from the trite tasks of everyday life. Due to constant methods of performing tasks or simple urges our brain connects the three factors cue, routine, and reward, to†¦show more content†¦This maze was run a few times, then something happened, after the click, the rat ran down and turned right, immediately finding the cheese. Positive reinforcement of finding the cheese created a habit for the rat. The ratâ €™s ability to recognize the path to the cheese was a sign of how the brain stimulation affects behavioral patterns. As soon as the â€Å"click† was heard and â€Å"as each rat learned how to navigate the maze, its mental activity decreased† (15). The scientists believed the â€Å"click† of the door was the cue, running the maze was the routine, and the reward being the cheese. Interestingly, humans (and many animals) are conditioned by the cues, routines and perceived rewards, therefore receiving positive benefits or feelings provide a strong stimulant to repeat any behavior. In the same fashion, the reward of cheese resembles the habit of removing my shoes whenever possible was formed, as this is a routine I developed over time and my brain recognized a sense of pleasure. The clicking of the door opening for the rat relates to my desire to being in an environment in which shoes are not required, therefore this is the cue that was created. My routine invol ves releasing my feet from the binding shoes that prohibited a sense of comfort and freedom, whereby given any chance to free myself of this restrictiveness I was much like the rat running through the mazeShow MoreRelatedAlternative Learning System3522 Words   |  15 PagesCHAPTER II Theoretical Framework This chapter presents the relevant theory, related literature, related studies, conceptual framework, hypothesis and definition of terms used in the study. Relevant Theory ------------------------------------------------- Behaviorism Behaviorism as a theory was primarily developed by  B. F. Skinner. It loosely encompasses the work of people like  Edward Thorndike, Tolman, Guthrie, and Hull. What characterizes these investigators are their underlying assumptionsRead MoreCt 276 Understand How to Support Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Conditions4912 Words   |  20 Pagesfrom birth. 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Through physical development, By age one young child is developing fallowing motoring skills. Child sits without support and crawls pulls self to standing position and stands with help and without walks with aid plays games in imitation of adult, like ball rolling, reaches, grasps, puts object in mouth picks things up with pincer grasp (thumb and one finger) Read Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagessite at http://www.cde.ca.gov/ re/pn or call the CDE Press Sales Office at 1-800-995-4099. An illustrated Educational Resource Catalog describing publications, videos, and other instructional media available from the Department can be obtained without charge by writing to the CDE Press Sales Office, California Department of Education, 1430 N Street, Suite 3207, Sacramento, CA 95814-5901; faxing to 916-323-0823; or calling the CDE Press Sales Office at the telephone number shown above. Notice Read MorePerceived Stress Levels and Stress Management Among Paramedical Students Lyceum of the Philippines University: Towards Stress Management Enhancement15005 Words   |  61 Pagesexcessive homework, unclear assignments, and uncomfortable classrooms. In addition to academic requirements, relations with faculty members and time pressures may also be sources of stress. Relationships with family and friends, eating and sleeping habits, and loneliness may affect some students adversely. Many specific events and situations have been implicated as stressors for paramedical students, more research is needed to investigate the nature of these stressors for paramedical students, and

Environmental Issue Against Greenpeace International Free Essays

Who do you call when you witness a ship dumping toxic waste in the ocean, and another ship doing commercial whaling? Or while traveling across states you happen to pass by a group of men doing logging activities at a forest under conservation? Or you’ve heard of a nuclear test being undertaken few miles from your home? If you have enough concern for your environment, you’ll probably be calling the Greenpeace International. Yes! With this fragile earth already in existence for million years, it should need volunteers like the Greenpeace to protect its environment from further degradation. Throwing poisonous substance1 in the ocean pollutes the water and endangers the aquatic resources which are the source of livelihood of many families living at the coastal villages. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Issue Against Greenpeace International or any similar topic only for you Order Now Commercial whaling2 poses risk at the dwindling species of whales in the ocean which causes imbalance in the aquatic ecosystems. World’s remaining forests are being conserved to help in the fight against air pollution and lessen the effect of global warming3. Nuclear weapon testing4 poisons the air and makes the soil unfit for planting. We all should care about our environment for our healthy existence including the generations to come. But while I agree with all the environmental protection, prevention and conservation activities of the volunteer organization5, this essay argues with Greenpeace International’s worldwide banning of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane or DDT on the following points: ? The banning on the use of pesticides like DDT has resulted to death of million people in Africa caused by malaria6, ? The deaths and sickness annually, according to World Health Organization (WHO), brought about by malaria reduces the gross domestic product (GDP) of African nations by 1. 3 percent and suffers economic loss by as much as $12 billion7, No less than the World Health Organization promotes the use of DDT in fighting the dreaded malaria in developing countries8, and ? United States Agency for International Development (USAID), America’s lead agency supporting countries in the African continent eradicate malaria, has significantly increased their budget for DDT 9 The Greenpeace International Greenpea ce International10 is an independent, non-profit organization. Started in 1971, the group was initially an anti-war crusader who boarded a fishing boat and sailed in the effort of stopping a nuclear test in Alaska. Inspired by their success in their first encounter11, the organization, mostly manned by volunteers, is now sailing around the world, going to remote parts of the globe, campaigning and standing as witness to the destruction of mother nature and going against individuals, government agencies and private corporations who are trying to destroy our environment. The approach is direct but non-violent12. Greenpeace primary objective is ensuring the continuation of life on earth in all its beauty and complexity12B. They conduct educational campaign and information drive all geared towards protecting seas and endangered forests13. They are promoting the use of renewable energies instead of fossil fuels which are proven to cause climate change. They lobby against the continued use of toxic chemicals and its improper disposal. The earth’s friends14 also strongly oppose the release of genetically modified organism into the environment15 and vigorously campaign for the eradication of nuclear weapons and its testing which poison the air. For the operational budget, Greenpeace depends mostly on individual supporters’ voluntary contribution s and grants from supportive foundations. Soliciting or accepting financial contributions from government entities, private corporations or political parties are avoided16 so that its integrity, independence, goals and objectives will not be compromised. The organization commits itself to non-violence confrontation, political independence and internationalism. In their effort to show to the world some of the environmental risks and in trying to come to effective solutions, Greenpeace International considers no permanent friends and adversaries17. Greenpeace International has been a great factor in making the world a better and safer place to live. Its 35 years of protecting Mother Earth has led to: the banning of dumping of toxic substances to underdeveloped countries, issuance of moratorium on the practice of commercial whaling, better administration of world fisheries as agreed upon during the U. N. Convention and the establishment of whale sanctuary in the southern ocean. The Earth’s Friends also succeeded in obtaining a 50-year moratorium on the exploration of mineral in Antarctica, pushed for the prohibition of disposal in world’s oceans of radioactive materials, factory waste and abandoned oil exploration facilities. The organization has also stopped massive driftnet system of fishing on the high seas and succeeded in their original mission of stopping nuclear weapon testing18. With the continued climate change, Greenpeace International hopes to get the support of more foundations and individual supporters. They also wish that more people from around the world will join them in their crusade by reporting any activities that will put a threat to the environment. Greenpeace’s Concept of Environmental Law According to Jamie Benedickson’s book, Environmental law is depicted as a complex system of various concepts which are put together to enable man to fully understand the causes and effects of some impacts brought about by human activity. These concepts range from the main source of problem, down to the effects and the ones greatly affected, up to the possible solutions that could be taken into consideration. There are concepts regarding precaution principles that could be taken, as Greenpeace eagerly shows in most of its protests. This includes how the people could participate, the possible sanctions given to those who violate these rules and many more. It also includes some experiments on their quest to find better methods to implement and spread the laws for the environment, and how will the people react or interact with this body of law. This effort is all for the benefit of mankind in the future. These laws regulate their freedom, but are surely essential for all (Benidickson). Biodiversity. Environmental law seeks to preserve biodiversity in nature. This is to ensure that there is always a balance that the nature follows. If there is imbalance, there could be a great impact on the organisms living on the system, and this includes us, human beings. If biodiversity is damaged, there could be a tip-off in the balance and there could be problems like food supply shortages, spread of diseases and more. That is why the Environmental law seeks to protect wildlife and marine species, and their respective habitats. Biodiversity depends on these concerns, to preserve the number of organisms, to keep everything in order, to keep everything, every organism diverse. Pollution. Pollution is the contamination of some of the most important aspects in human life, like air, the soil and the water by toxic or harmful materials and substances. Because of this, the Greenpeace seeks to regulate the amounts of these contaminants, or as much as possible keep them away from our basic needs, like air and water. However, there are already laws on how to dispose toxic and dangerous materials so that it would not harm people. It also seeks to impart on the people on the proper management and treatment of this environmental problems. Conservation. Preserving and maintaining balance in the environment is an important concern in the Environmental Law. This is because of the various efforts from different sectors of the people. This is where the idea of Sustainable Development enters. There should be enough resources left in the environment so that it could sustain the future generation. The idea is to be able to spend and utilize these resources without jeopardizing the future. The idea of replacing and replenishing spent resources are important to assure a future supply for the people, thus, conservation and protection of these natural resources play an important role in the Environmental laws specifically against the issues being raised by Greenpeace. The Argument – Worldwide Ban on the Use of DDT The use of DDT was banned in 1972 by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). But the ban does not apply outside of U. S19. Knowing the harmful effect of the chemical in human as well as in animal, Greenpeace International is pushing for its worldwide ban. The organization invokes the U. N. treaty on the so called persistent organic pollutants (POP). The treaty will cause the elimination of DDT which is believed to be the most affordable yet effective p esticide available20. While Greenpeace was just consistent in their purpose of eliminating substances that pose risk to the environment, the prohibition on the use of DDT should have been reviewed considering the sudden increase of deaths shortly after the implementation of the ban. Malaria disease became widespread and millions, particularly pregnant women and children died in Africa and in other developing countries. The sickness and death also gave serious implication such as significant reduction in the gross domestic product and the loss of billions of dollars in the economy. With the ban in effect, devastation of people’s health and the economy will continue21. The momentum that the Greenpeace Intenational was able to establish as a result of their successes in previous years in many aspects of environmental protection is so strong that it was able to convince wealthy countries to adhere to the ban. Yet bigger and more credible institution are waking up in an apparent deep slumber as they started to provide funds in an effort of preventing the spread of malaria by killing the infected mosquitoes through the use of the banned DDT. No less than the World Health Organization began the active promotion of the pesticide DDT in fighting malaria in the third world. It took the loss of ten million lives caused by the supposed to be preventable malaria disease that made WHO spring into action. Wall Street Journal comments, â€Å"It is good to know, WHO has come alive†22. Another institution which came into its senses after long years of avoiding the consistent lobbying of some scientists on the need for an effective malaria control in Africa is the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Enthusiastic officials of the U. S. government have endorsed the increase of budget appropriation for developing countries in the sub Saharan region. The aid is intended to win the war against the most dreaded disease that hit the region. The budget will specifically go into the purchase of DDT23. The Greenpeace might have the momentum but it has to collide with the WHO and USAID if it wants to push its ambition to still put total ban on DDT despite the millions of death and the ruin of the economy. The risk that the DDT may pose to the environment, if any, may later be treated. Saving the lives of million of people region will have to come first.. What is the sense of having a clean environment if it will not be enjoyed by either of the dead and the dying? If the sick has already been treated, the shift to a safer pesticide will follow. Arata Kochi, WHO malaria chief said, â€Å"Among the twelve insecticides that WHO endorses as harmless for indoor spraying, the most effective is DDT†24. We take the necessary action base on observation and on the available data. DDT aside from being affordable is the most effective way of containing a disease. This has been suggested by United Nations’ health agencies but pressure from environmentalists prevented the use of DDT. The effectiveness of DDT may have been incorrectly presented but studies point out that right amount of the insecticides used in killing mosquitoes will not be harmful to human, animals and environment. Insecticide may not totally eradicate malaria and its endorser doesn’t guarantee its result, nevertheless, keeping the people alive and healthy can bring about growth and development that will be a lasting solution to problem of poverty in the region25. WHO’s decision to fund the use of DDT in malaria eradication has a negative effect on the Greenpeace self-esteem. The fight that they know all along, to have already been won, have suddenly turned to be the other way around. But looking at the positive side, they can research and recommend to DDT users the right amount when spraying and the proper protective gears that have to be worn in spraying. They can educate families that clean sorroundings will not provide a breeding ground for mosquitoes and thus will save them from the dreaded disease. USAID on the other hand had identified areas in the sub saharan Africa that need help. The assistance involves mostly of DDT indoor residual spraying26. Environmentalists suggest that the effort of USAID to eradicate malaria be focused on handing out medicines and pesticide-treated bed netting to families in areas with threat of heavy mosquito infestation. Greenpeace can now volunteer to distibute these drugs and bed nets in remote parts of the continent. Conclusion I believe DDT being a chemical can pose risk to human’s health, animals and environment. I believe too that there are insects like the mosquito which possesses dangerous bites that can kill people. And that is where DDT is needed. In this case, there should never be a worldwide ban on the use of substance unless the world is declared as malaria-free. Selective banning is preferred. DDT can be banned in highly developed and clean cities where there is no place for mosquitoes to breed. It can openly be sold, bought and used in areas like the African continent where malaria has grown into epidemic proportion. However, after the problem had been treated banning of DDT in the place can be proposed. If malaria is eradicated through the use of DDT, there is no assurance that it will not provide illnesses to people in the environment no matter how little the amount sprayed. Chemicals usually float in the air and may be inhaled. It can land on soil that can affect vegetation or it can mix with water which can be poisonous when drank or cause skin allergies when used for washing or bathing. The effect of chemical is not immediate. It may manifest its effect after 10 years, 20 year or more. . If the Greenpeace International failed to implement worldwide ban on DDT, it doesn’t mean that they also failed in protecting the environment. They are right when they assert that DDT has its deadly effect in human, animals and environment. But DDT can also help in some ways. Like in developing countries it was able to prevent malaria. Experts claimed that if DDT was not banned, millions of people should have been saved. But who knows of the grand design27. End notes 1 This is strongly being opposed by Greenpeace International. 2 There is an existing moratorium on this type of fishing 3 Causes earth’s temperature to rise There is an existing ban on all nuclear testing 5 Actually, I wish I can join someday 6 if DDT was not banned, millions of people should have been saved, see Milloy 7 see Milloy 8 see National Center for Policy Analysis 9 see National Center for Policy Analysis 10 see Greenpeace International 11 that test was stopped and became Greenpeace’ first ever victory 12 but sometimes violence cannot be avoided, there are times they were sued and were jailed 12B Greenpeace International Mission Statement 13 I’m wondering how rich they can be, most of them are volunteers and are not receiving any salary 4 similar to Greenpeace International 15 if they are released there is no way to retrieve them 16 they are serious about it. They return checks if they came from corporations 17 18 see Greenpeace International, Mission Statement 19, 20 21 see Milloy 22 National Center for Policy Analysis 23 see National Center for Policy Analysis 2425 see National Center for Policy Analysis 26 se e National Center for Policy Analysis 27 God’s design Bibliography Greenpeace International, Mission Statement, The Greenpeace Story, accessed April 10, 2007, http://www. greenpeace. org. k/contentlookup. cfm? SitekeyParam Milloy, Steven J. , â€Å"Rock Stars’ Activism Could Be Put to Better Use†, accessed April 15, 2007 Competitive Enterprise Institute, ; http://www. cei. org/gencon/019,04632. cfm National Center for Policy Analysis, Daily Policy Digest, â€Å"DDTs New Friends†, accessed April 20, 2007, http://www. ncpa. org/sub/dpd/index. php? page=article;Article_ID=12363 National Center for Policy Analysis, Daily Policy Digest, â€Å"United States Takes New View on DDT in Africa† accessed ,April 20, 2007, http://www. ncpa. org/sub/dpd/index. php? page=article;Article_ID=3283 How to cite Environmental Issue Against Greenpeace International, Papers

Everyday use 3 Essay Example For Students

Everyday use 3 Essay â€Å"Everyday Use† is a short story written by Alice Walker. Walker did a wonderful job illustrating her characters. There are all types of characters in this short story from round to static. Her use of simple symbolism prompts the reader to take a deeper look into the story. Walker’s humble way of conveying the theme makes the reader take a second look at him or herself. Walker did an excellent job in writing this story, so she could warn people of what might happen if they do not live properly. Every possible type of character is displayed in this short story. Dee starts out the story as a stereotypical light-skinned black person. Feeling as though she was better than everyone else was because her: waist was small, skin was light, a nice grade of hair, and she was somewhat educated. Dee was in a hurry to get out of the country and never come back. She wrote to her mother saying â€Å"no matter where we choose to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends† (Walker 63), letting everyone know that she thought she was too good to continue to take part in her heritage. Maggie was portrayed as a flat character. The reader is not told much about her, and she never changes throughout the whole story. The mother would be the static character. She is seen as an older women set in her ways from life experiences, and from what she had been taught growing up black in the south. She made up her mind that the two family quilts would go to Maggie and she did not give it a second thought. Dee is also the dynamic character round. She is dynamic when she returns home to the country. She had previously said she would not bring any of her friends home, but when she gets there she is accompanied by a gentleman. Other aspects of her dynamics are displayed when she changes her name to â€Å"Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo†. She went from dyeing and hating her upbringing to wanting to take a piece of it with her back to the city. To show off where and what she comes from. Dee is truly a round character. Walker did an excellent job with these characters especially Dee. Walker’s use of lucid symbolism prompts the reader to take a deeper look into the story and into him or herself. The mother stands for the oppression of black people. The fact that she had only a second grade education showed the white man trying to keep blacks from being educated. She was a strong black woman this characteristic was put in to remind everyone of wha t blacks go through, but is still able to stand tall. Dee symbolizes ignorance. She was mad at the wrong people to begin with, and ended up almost breaking her mother’s heart. The quilts themselves seemed to be the most symbolic of all. These quilts symbolized the years of oppression that blacks faced and are still facing. They also stood for the deep-rooted history of that particular family. Those quilts stood for the title â€Å"Everyday Use†. Everyday use is what they were intended for when they were made, but carried such deep underlying meaning. It would have been a shame to of let them deteriorate from everyday use, and not be shown off for the treasures they really were. The whole theme of this story is do not take any thing for granted there is no guarantees on anything. Dee looked at her country life and was not happy because she chose to see her life in a negative way. Instead of seeing all of the positive aspects of her life she chose to be unhappy. She would not except the quilts when her mother offered them to her because they stood for country living. If she had only opened her eyes and seen the history or even the love put into the making of those quilts they would have been her’s. Walker used Dee to show the reader a closed minded person who finally saw the light to late. .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 , .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 .postImageUrl , .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 , .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754:hover , .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754:visited , .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754:active { border:0!important; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754:active , .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754 .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub42d42a26109b7906847c6c50d299754:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Position Paper on The Police Exception EssayWalker uses this short story to speak out to the young black youth of America. She was tired of the beliefs probed into the heads of her fellow people. Especially those put into the heads of the lighter black community. She gave the character’s true characteristic so the readers could see themselves, and maybe correct whatever is going wrong in there own lives. Symbolism was a strong point in this short story so the readers could relate to their own lives. Her dynamic theme was put across in a way that everyone who reads this story can relate. She was telling her people to live each day of life to the fullest, and do not o ver look anything directly in their path.

The Question As To Whether Or Not Creationism Should Be Taught Essays

The question as to whether or not creationism should be taught in public schools is a very emotional and complex question. It can be looked at from several different angles, its validity being one of them. Despite the lack of evidence to support the fundamentalist idea of creationism, that in itself is not enough to warrant its exclusion from the curriculum of public schools in the United States. The question is far more involved and complex. One way to address the question is whether or not creationism, in itself, is a valid idea to be taught in public schools. The answer to this can be yes. Not only should a student in American public schools learn and acquire knowledge in empirical sciences, and other tangible facts both in history and other courses, but he should also learn how to think and make decisions for himself. Unfortunately, as it turns out, creationism is in direct conflict with the biological theory of evolution. Many fundamentalist propose that creationism should replace, or at least be offered as an alternative to Darwin's theory of evolution. This is not the right approach. Creationism, as exemplified in the book of Genesis, should not be taught in a science course. Science runs on a certain set of rules and principles being: (1) it is guided by natural law, (2) it has to be explanatory by reference to natural law, (3) it?s conclusions lack finality and therefore may be altered or changed, (4) it is also testable against the empirical world, and finally (5) it is falsefiable. These characteristics define the laws, boundaries, and guidelines that science follows. In a science course, all knowledge conveyed is shown, or has been shown in the past, to exemplify a strict adherence to these qualities. Creationism, unfortunately in the eyes of Christian fundamentalist, does not exemplify any adherence whatsoever to these rules and guidelines of science. Therefore, it should not be included in the science curriculum in public schools, even as an alternative to evolution. Another idea is that which is held by those who subscribe to the idea of scientific creationism. Scientific creationism, as it relates to this topic, states that God was the creator, and that evolution is simply a means, developed by Him, of conservation. Due to this definition of how scientific creationism relates to evolution, it may be easier to accept by scientific criteria, despite the fact that the origins are scientifically debatable. The problem in scientific creationism, and what I see as a reason for its exclusion from the science classroom in public schools, is the fact that it looks as if, from the outside, the whole theory that it rest on is simply a contortion of the traditional version of creation described in Genesis, custom-made to fit in with Darwin's theory of evolution. R. M. Hare would probably say that scientific creationism is simply a modification of the story of creation in Genesis, to fit into the ?blik? of the religious fundamentalist. A blik, as Hare describes it, is a pre-set world view held by all people, in which they draw from when forming certain opinions on any particular subject. In the case of religious fundamentalist, who?s faith in the validity of the Book of Genesis is an essential part of their blik, it becomes necessary for them to contort their literal view of the Book of Genesis into a form that is scientifically acceptable. For this reason, creation science still does not have a place in the science classroom of public schools. Another problem with scientific creationism is that it would exclude the idea of a random beginning. No theory could ever be tested to find origins because it would conflict with scientific creationism. Scientific creationism would be, in essence, a lesson on science halting efforts to find creation, if it is possible at all. It may, however, be acceptable as a theory and not a solid law. Now that it is clear that creationism, as well as scientific creationism, does not fit into the guidelines on which science operates, therefore making them unsuitable for teaching in science classrooms in public schools, in what part of the public school curriculum in the United States should they be taught? The story provided in the Book of Genesis could conceivably fit into the literary genre of mythology. It could not be considered as nonfiction, due to the many contradictions it makes within itself, as well as in the world of empirical knowledge. These contradictions are numerous and would create a paper within themselves, therefore it should be addressed elsewhere. The controversy here, despite the factual and logical inadequacies

Case Study Outline Method

Case Study Outline Method Case Study Outline Method Writers around the world have extensively used the signpost outline to logically structure their books, especially novels and stories. The signpost outline helps writers treat each scene as a separate entity, which in turn increases their effectiveness in describing and organizing the story besides keeping eye on the big picture. A typical signpost outline used by novelists around the world has the following format: scene number and short description; setting; characters; plot. The good news is that as a student, you can adapt and use the signpost outline to turn your case study into a great paper. How? Well, signposting actually divides a case study into logical and easily manageable sections with separate headings and subheadings. Moreover, it calls for the placement of relevant phrases and words throughout the write-up, so the reader can easily read and understand the content and context of your case study. The signpost outline for a case study starts with an introduction, which is then followed by the main arguments highlighted by paragraphs, headings and subheadings. At the end of the case study comes the conclusion, but the arguments between the introduction and conclusion have to be reader friendly and engaging enough to rationally guide the reader throughout the study. To achieve this, you need to use connecting words and phrases to create linkage between the viewpoints, sentences and sections of your case study. One of the advantages of using this outline is that it will give you enough room to see the big picture and evaluate your ideas for their richness, convincing power and sustainability. It is important for the signpost outline, however, that you prepare the ground for the fundamentals ahead of time. Do not go into the specifics at this point, but simply see where you want to take the study, what you want to achieve with it and how you will organize it. Details will be added during the drafting phase. Introduction Introduce the case study by throwing light on what the study is about. Make sure to open it with an interesting perspective. If there are a range of problems you’d like to address, use words like firstly, secondly etc. to divide the problems into logical parts and tell the reader what you are going to address in the paragraphs to follow. Case Study Body: Paragraphs and Sections Make sure that the paragraphs and sections are logical extensions of what you said in the introduction. You can divide each problem/major topic into dedicated sections with separate headings, or you can make separate, dedicated paragraphs. Some of the words you can use to create linkages between sentence, paragraphs, and sections, include the following: if you want to add extra ideas, use words like furthermore, additionally, moreover etc.; if you want to make comparisons, use words like comparatively, relatively, otherwise etc.; if you want to make something evident, use words like obviously, because and certainly etc.; if you want to emphasize something, use words like absolutely, apparently, unavoidably, irrefutably. While summing up the sections and paragraphs, make sure to highlight the evidences. For example, you can use sentences like: it is proved that; hence it is clear that; what makes this approach effective is the fact that. Conclusion The conclusion of your case study will summarize all the important point of the study. To make the conclusion even more compelling, make sure to include your recommended solutions for the problems. For example you can say things like: as it is evident from the study that; this study makes it clear that the most important factors are; in order to resolve problem A, it is recommended that; this study concludes that; on the basis of the evidences narrated in this study, it is suggested that; it has been established that. The signpost outline has the potential to make your case study shine and turn it into an A grade paper. The outline is flexible, meaning that you can adapt it according to your specific requirements and situation. Good luck with it! Also, you can enjoy professionalism of our custom case study writing service.

Student-Teacher Relationships Dont Cross the Line

Student-Teacher Relationships Dont Cross the Line Recent news – Harvard banned student-teacher relations. It is not the first university concerned with preventing sexual relations between college faculty and students. Why does it actually matter? Students do not ever think about the disastrous consequences of intimate relationships with teachers. Not only can it mean an ethical investigation (especially if you’re taking Professor Love’s class), but can lead to expulsion and ruin your chances to find job after graduation. Ivy League on Student-Teacher Rules Although student-teacher relationships have been tolerated at many colleges across the U.S., a handful of Ivy League schools are instituting rules that would make this behaviour grounds for expulsion. In February 2015, Harvard formally banned sexual relationships between students and teachers, following the decision of schools like Yale and the University of Connecticut. Students reaction is controversial. Some college-aged students have argued, they’re adults. What’s the problem with having sex with a professor if it’s consensual? The American Association of University Professors has responded in kind, naming several real issues with this kind of relationship. â€Å"Sexual relations between students and faculty members with whom they also have an academic or evaluative relationship are fraught with the potential for exploitation,† stated the AAUP. â€Å"In their relationships with students, members of the faculty are expected to be aware of their professional responsibilities and to avoid apparent or actual conflict of interest, favoritism, or bias. When a sexual relationship exists, effective steps should be taken to ensure unbiased evaluation or supervision of the student.† What about Social Media? As social media becomes a pervasive necessity for communication, less-that-professional texts, tweets, and posts are a huge concern. In the New York City School District alone, more than seven school employees have been arrested over the past few months for sexual advances via electronic mediums. This has inspired the district chancellor, to make contacting students through public forums like Facebook or Twitter a fire-able offence. While some think this is far too aggressive of a punishment for simply connecting with students outside of class, others see it as a gateway to more pernicious evils. Teachers who have personally friended or followed students reciprocally are able to send private messages that may lead to sexual messages, or â€Å"sexts.† This can place both the teacher and student in a precarious position, as research suggests there is an increased probability of real sexual interaction. What’s the Worst That Can Happen? The opinions differ. On one hand, rules such as the one at Yale and Harvard are said to actually limit Constitutional rights. Professor Paul R. Abramson explains, â€Å"The choice of ones romantic partner is no less essential to the formation of the self, no less a matter of the integrity of our private sphere, than well-protected First Amendment rights such as religion and speech.† On the other hand, university as any institution has the right to impose certain rules and policies. Many companies have policies that ban interpersonal relationships between employees, and you will have to deal with it when you apply for a job. What is more, universities are really trying to protect you from awkward and negative outcomes of relations with students. Some potential results from this kind of relationship include: The relationship ends badly and lowers your grades despite high performance. Your instructor cant be objective when teaching and grading you Instructor loses authority and respect of you and your peers who know about your relations Your academic performance is under risk to be investigated and nullified due to the relationship. You get jealous of other students and that influences your performance Your attitude to the subject depends on your attitude to the professor and your current state of relations Sooner or later you feel that you have little in common with your instructor due to generation gap and social factors. Your instructor is afraid to lose their job and their colleagues respect, so they will never make your relations public. You are afraid to get caught and expelled Solution: Dont Cross the L.I.N.E You need to remember that there is an invisible LINE that keeps both of you safe. By following these four simple rules, you can ensure that you keep positive relations with your professor and do nothing provocative: L – Leave alone: Don’t leave class with your teachers, allow them to give you rides, or spend unnecessary time with them outside of class. If you have feelings for a teacher, leave their class – permanently. I – Identify danger: If you feel that your teacher has more than a professional interest, recognize it. N – Notify authorities: If there is inappropriate behaviour, confront the teacher with a friend. If it continues, tell your department chair, or Dean. E – Email only: Don’t befriend your professor on social media or other online networking sites. Use only the established college email to send correspondence. Remember professors can be your friends, supporters and advisers. They can help you build professional network and give you recommendations for your future position. Keep your relationships within boundaries. Do not let emotions interfere positive teacher-student relations and you will get the most out of your college years. What do you think about professor-student relationships? Share your thoughts with us!

Marketing and PR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing and PR - Essay Example These marketing strategies include differentiation strategy as a suitable generic strategy, and operational strategies such as pricing, promotion, distribution, and the environment. Other strategies adopted were push strategy for distribution of the products and services, and direct sales for the pricing of the commodities. The expected outcomes of the implementation of the marketing plan for the company were; (a) to reach 60 percent of the target population, (b) improve the brand image within four months, and (c) adopt and implement the most appropriate and efficient marketing strategies to reach the targeted consumer. Marketing Plan for the Unsigned Band ‘Yung Mur’ Publicity for the music artist means everything. Proper publicity ensures that the artist or music band are well known and received among the target audience. Gone are the days when musicians and music bands used to rely on record labels for publicity (Griffin, 2010). The world of music and media promotion h as shifted to online promotion. This has leveled the playing field as artists can now compete at the same level. Everyone has a fair chance at success, as long as they make good use of the new promotional opportunities available on the internet. Unsigned bands such as Yung Mur, with the right marketing strategy, can gain even more recognition than their counterparts who are signed by big record labels (Business Resource Software, 2011). The marketing plan should aim to increase the band’s fan base. To do this, the band’s publicity strategy should be targeted at the right audience. The image and brand of the band should be unique and authentic. Authenticity is vital for musicians planning to run publicity campaigns on the internet or using any other new media for promotion. The most important aspect of online marketing for unsigned bands is having a website. A customized website that has been designed professionally is vital to success in the business of music. The webs ite should be about content marketing, and the content needs to be original. The best music promotion websites not look anything like marketing, but they actually function like marketing (Luther, 2011). This is how the Yung Mur website should be like. The website should enable the band to build its own unique platform, find its own fans and sell its music to them directly. Other new media forms that the band can make use of in their promotion include social networking sites and video-sharing websites such as youtube. These two are powerful marketing tools since they have the capacity to form a bulk of the band’s target market. Although internet PR is a wise marketing strategy for musicians and music bands not yet signed to record labels, there remains the issue of competition from these conglomerates. Their influence is still significant because they also make use of the internet as a promotional tool for their work. However, there is also the option of collaborating with the m for the purpose of online music marketing (Business Resource Software, 2011). As an unsigned band, Yung Mur can gain much exposure by collaborating with a music marketing conglomerate which is likely to use its established platform to sell the band’s music. General Overview This marketing plan aims to popularize the name Yung Mur, not only in Britain, but in the rest of the western world. The

Case Study 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

2 - Case Study Example If the internal drive forces a customer towards the product then it is positive motivation but if it drives a customer away from a product then it is negative motivation. These positive and negative drives are what initiates and directs consumer behavior. Basic consumer motivation can either be rational or motivational. Rational consumption is when a consumer`s behavior is based upon an objective criteria for example price or the size and weight of the product being purchased. Emotional motivation, however, is when a customer purchases a product based on subjective criteria or personal likes and dislikes for example, status, fear etc. All the needs and wants of customers are either in born or are acquired through the behavior of other consumers. Human behavior is initiated through personal needs, wants and goals which are to be fulfilled. These characteristics are dependent upon the personal preferences and experiences of the consumers. There are two kinds of goals: generic or produc t specific goals. Generic goals are those which state the general needs and wants of consumers for example, the need to buy car. On the other hand, product specific goals are those which state the specific needs and wants of people for example, the kind and the model of the car the consumer wants to buy. These needs, wants and goals together initiate and drive human behavior. According to a clinical psychologist, Dr. Abraham Maslow, human behavior as well as consumer motivation is directed by five basic needs of human beings. These needs include physiological needs, safety and security needs, social needs, ego needs as well as the needs for self actualization. All of these needs, together, motivate and direct human consumer motivation which in turn initiates human behavior. In today`s world of rapid globalization and increased technology, corporations and firms have realized that it is extremely important to

Assignment from the Reading Essay Example for Free

Assignment from the Reading Essay Same Person collects daily fees and deposits the cash and files the wavier forms There should be one person (A) that has visitor fill out the forms and files them, also keeping a tally of the number each day. And a second person (B) collects the cash and deposits it into the lock box. The accountant deposits the cash at the bank and makes the journal entry The manager at the end of the night could deposit the cash, and the next morning the accountant could make the journal entry. No one checks the number of wavier forms filled out against the amount of cash deposited The accountant should also check the amount of waiver forms filled out against the amount of cash deposited to make sure amount deposited is equal to the number of visitors paying a fee Problem 9-15 Identify one or more control procedures (either general or application controls, or both) that would guard against each of the following errors or problems. a.) Leslie Thomas, a secretary at the university, indicated that she had worked 40 hours on her regular time card. The university paid her for 400 hours worked that week. Payroll clerk reviews all inputs before posting, and then the accounting supervisor reviews all checks for reasonableness before sending them out. b.) The aging analysis indicated that the Grab and Run Electronics Company account was so far in arrears that the credit manager decided to cut off any further credit sales to the company until it cleared up its account. Yet, the following  week, the manager noted that three new sales had been made to that company—all on credit. Computer control to disallow issuing new sales on credit to customers should be programmed into the system. c.) The Small Company employed Mr. Fineus Eyeshade to perform all its accounts receivable data processing. Mr. Eyeshade’s 25 years with the company and his unassuming appearance helped him conceal the fact that he was embezzling cash collections from accounts receivable to cover his gambling losses at the race track. Employees are required to take vacation and they should be cross-trained to cover each other’s jobs when they are out. d.) The Blue Mountain Utility Company was having difficulty with its customer payments. The payment amounts were entered directly into a terminal, and the transaction file thus created was used to update the customer master file. Among the problems encountered with this system were the application of customer payments to the wrong accounts and the creation of multiple customer master file records for the same account. They should be matching the invoice number and account numbers; this review should catch the error. Another control is the customers reviewing their statements to make sure that they are not being over charged, ect. e.) The Landsford brothers had lived in Center County all their lives. Ben worked for the local mill in the accounts payable department, and Tom owned the local hardware store. The sheriff couldn’t believe that the brothers had created several dummy companies that sold fictitious merchandise to the mill. Ben had the mill pay for this merchandise in its usual fashion, and he wrote off the missing goods as ‘‘damaged inventory.’’ Access control to create new vendors, and vendor approval procedures is a good control. Problem 9-16 Identify one or more control procedures (either general or application controls, or both) that would guard against each of the following errors or problems. a.) A bank deposit transaction was accidentally coded with a withdrawal code. Having an input that verified what type of transaction was being inputted by personal. Also, at the end of the night count would reveal this problem because there would be extra money from the deposit in the drawer. b.) The key-entry operator keyed in the purchase order number as a nine-digit number instead of an eight-digit number. Input controls through the database form that  limits the number of digits of 8 that can be keyed in by the operator. c.) The date of a customer payment was keyed 2001 instead of 2010. Input control that checks the validity of the data keyed in. If the proper perimeters where set with the application anything that fell short would not be processed until the problem was resolved. d.) A company employee was issued a check in the amount of −$135.65 because he had not worked a certain week, but most of his payroll deductions were automatic each week. Edit programs could perform edit checks that would result in an error for negative amounts before issuing checks to employees. This is done by test of sign and the system would kick back the transaction for correction before issuing the check. Payroll deductions should never be programmed to a specific number each we ek because this does not allow for changes in the number of hours worked and will always result in a mistake. e.) A patient filled out her medical insurance number as 123465 instead of 123456. Edit programs could detect this input error by matching the information with the master file if the correct perimeters were set. f.) An applicant for the company stock option plan filled out her employee number as 84-7634-21.The first two digits are a department code. There is no department 84. Edit programs could detect this input error by matching the information with the master file if the correct perimeters were set. Once it’s noticed the employee would not be able to continue until they inputted their correct employee number. g.) A high school student was able to log onto the telephone company’s computer as soon as he learned what telephone number to call. There should be a user name and password to access any company’s computer. h.) The accounts receivable department sent 87 checks to the computer center for processing. No one realized that one check was dropped along the way and that the computer therefore processed only 86 checks. Set up a checksum to check the number of checks sent against the number of checks received. They would then realize that they are missing a check and can look for it or get another one and void out the one that was dropped.

Analysis of a Corpus of Poetry :: Poems Writing Essays

Analysis of a Corpus of Poetry A corpus of 1000 lines of poetry (ten 100 line samples from ten different authors) is analyzed by a computerized connectionist model of poetic meter. The analysis finds that poets utilize measurably distinct patterns of stress and suggests that these patterns might "fingerprint" individual writers. In addition, the analysis shows that the variations of metrical patterns are in accord with the prevailing verse aesthetics of the period in which poets are writing. Introduction In English poetry, the single most compelling discriminator of that genre--that which defines a poem as a poem--has traditionally been its meter. Meter defines the length of the line, and thus the distinctive look of a poem on the page, and it sets, for the hearer of a poem, the telling regularity of a rhythm. Whether this rhythm also carries the burden of some of a poem's meaning or whether it is used only for a conventional aesthetic effect that invites the reader to take pleasure in its regularity or variations, meter is one of the central attributes of the genre of poetry. While the meter of a poem may or may not be strongly attended to by the poem's audience, or its critics, metrics has always been a matter of substantial concern for poets (see Addison [1994]). At each point in a line of poetry one factor in the decision favoring one word or syntactic pattern over another has been the metrical impact of that choice. Moreover, the limits of choice are not merely defined by a correctness rule such as the following: All stressed positions must have stressed syllables and no unstressed positions may have a stressed syllable. Metrical variations, resulting in what Halle and Keyser (1971), and others, have termed "metrical complexity" or "tension," are allowable and, in fact, produce much of the interest in a poem's rhythm. Traugott (1989), for example, speaking of Auden's poetry, notes that "a complex metrical design can . . . be identified that complements and enriches the multifarious verbal icons functioning at other levels of the langua ge" (294). In fact, poetic rhythm may only work when it destroys that very sense of design that it invokes; the extreme position is taken by Shklovsky (1917), who says, "the problem is not one of complicating the rhythm, but of disordering of the rhythm" (p.

Food Culture of Bangladesh Essay

Food culture of Bangladesh Bangladesh is rich with various types of foods which enrich our culture and make it familiar among the people of other nations in the world. There are different types of foods in Bangladesh which are totally dissimilar from one another from the side of taste and value. Generally, rice, dal, fish, vegetable and meat are our main dishes and the people of Bangladesh take three meals in a day. In the morning, we take breakfast where the urban people take ruti, porota, biscuit, vegetable, chicken, tea etc. and the rural people take muri, khoi, pitha or stale rice with chilly. In lunch, the people of different range take different foods according to their own choice and demand. Most of the people take rice, dal, vegetable and fish in their lunch. There’s a common saying: â€Å"Fish and rice make a Bengali.† At the time of cooking our cook uses different types of spices like garlic, peppers, turmeric, onion, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, or mustard seed etc. that make our foods more tasty. In our daily meals we generally take mixed vegetables, fish bhuna, fried okra, Bhorta, fried eggplant, chicken curry, lentils, Egg curry, beef, mutton etc. with rice. Again in our snacks we normally take Paratha, Samosa, Singara, puri, fried roti stuffed with eggs, Naan, Pitha (vapa, puli, patishapta,dudhpitha, telpitha, chitoi pitha etc. ), Mishti Doi, Ras Malai etc. After taking our meals we usually drink tea, milk etc. We also take various types of fruits in our leisure time; mango, jack fruits, banana, pine apple, orange, apple, guava, water melon, coconut and other seasonal fruits are taken according to the season and choice.

The Impact of Railroads in America

Nineteenth century America was a time of rapid growth and expansion. The movement of settlers further and further west accompanied by technological advances led to the major growth of cities and industries across the American frontier. However, it was the major innovations of transportation that had the most significant impact on the expansion of Midwestern and western America. The construction of canals and roads led to the increase in the use of stagecoaches, steamboats, and ultimately railroads. Railroads became extremely popular in America in the 1800’s. The railroad industry itself began to boom; it was supported by its reputation for speed and efficiency. But, along with the booming industry of railroads came the strong debate that plagued Congress for years: should railroads be constructed as the major source of transportation over roads and canals? Although roads had become increasingly popular, the railroad industry was also viewed as being monopolistic, undemocratic, and unsafe. Despite the fact that railroads were sometimes monopolistic and undemocratic in that respect, railroads proved to be most vital in the expansion of the Midwest and western America. It was the use of railroads over all other methods of transportation that aided in communication, the transportation of goods, and ultimately decreased the costs of transportation, all of which contributed to the expansion of the American frontier. Before the rise of railroads, stagecoaches and steamboats dominated the transportation industry. Stagecoaches were an effective means of transportation, but in the early 1800’s they were accompanied by Robert Fulton’s invention–the steamboat. The steamboat was a â€Å"combined river and overland transport system† that proved to be effective in transporting goods and people. These locomotives were able to travel the rivers from the north and provide military posts and plantations with goods in the south while transporting passengers and immigrants. Prior to railroads, steamboats were the major and often only form of transporting settlers and maintaining communication between certain areas. Yet, the rise of railroads led to the inevitable fall of the steamboats, and the railroads took over as the major method of transportation. Although stagecoaches and steamboats were effective means of transportation, they were soon surpassed by railroads as the preferred method of travel. Railroads began blanketing America in the 1820’s and by the 1860’s over 30,626 miles where covered by the railroads. This rapid growth of railways was due to the fact that railroads offered better economy, speed, and reliability than other methods of transportation at that time. First, a cheaper alternative to traveling by stage or steamboat was to use the railways. Railroad companies offered low-fare excursion rates that made it more economical to travel. Overall, the cost of transportation was reduced by $150 million by 1859 due to the economic advantages of traveling by rail. Another advantage the railroads had over stages and steamboats was its high rate of speed. Railroads were two times as fast as stagecoaches and four times as fast as steamboats (Shi, 499). Also, the railroads were much more reliable than the roads or canals. Railroads had the ability to travel all year long with few limitations, while both stagecoaches and steamboats had difficulty traveling during the winter months, â€Å"at no time†¦ was stagecoach travel more trying and difficult than during cold, winter months† (Winther, 72). With that in mind, steamboats could not function or operate when the canals were frozen over. These difficulties were all contributing factors in the expansion of the railroad industry. With railroads quickly becoming the preferred method of travel, the demand began to rise and railroads were being built in high numbers in order to accommodate the increasing demand. The more railroads that were available meant more and more industries could use them to transport goods. There was better communication between the east and west, and people could also use the railroads to travel throughout the states. And it was there that railroads began to have a significant impact on the development and expansion of American society. At the peak of expansion in the 1800’s, communication between the east and west was at the forefront of importance. A document from the State of Pennsylvania regarding railways in 1825 remarked that there is extreme â€Å"importance and necessity of effecting a communication between the eastern and western divisions of the commonwealth† (Wade, 5). The appearance of the railroads in the early 19th century decreased and nearly diminished the communication gap as it provided a reliable and speedy method of communication. As the railroads became more prominent across the United States, the western states naturally became linked to the Midwestern and eastern states through the Union Pacific Railroad. This railroad running from the east coast to the west coast opened up new doors in trans-continental communication. Businesses between the east and the west were able to communicate more effectively, and thus, trans-continental trade became more defined throughout the United States. The mail services began using railroads as well, which was a large factor in improving communication across the US. Trans-continental communication was broadened simply by the increased number of people traveling across the country. And, even when the railroads seemed an impractical method of transportation, â€Å"they might make possible long lines of communication otherwise impracticable† (Haney, 183). So, railroads played an important role in broadening communication between the east and the west. Another factor that was directly benefited from the widespread use of railroads was the transportation of goods between the states. Before the rise of railroads, interstate trade was limited. Most goods were transported by way of boat, which was a slow, expensive transportation method limited to the water, or by wagons. Also, the types of goods that were transported were limited as well. Perishable items, which were potential victims to bacteria and spoilage, could not be preserved on boats, and therefore could not be traded throughout the states. These were inefficient methods of the transportation of goods. On the other hand, railroads allowed for better inter-continental trade. The rail cars themselves could carry heavier loads of goods at higher speeds than boats or wagons, which made them extremely efficient methods for trade. Furthermore, goods transported on railroads faced a lower risk of damage or breakage than by boats because land travel is much more uniform in motion than water travel. Oppositely, canals posed a high risk of damage to the transported goods: â€Å"much damage has been received by goods from the roughness of the water† (Wade, 41). With regards to perishable goods, the railroads offered safer traveling conditions by eliminating the bacteria produced by stagnant water as well as dust particles. Some rail cars even served as â€Å"refrigerators†, so meat could be transported across the country. Of course, the tremendous speed of the railroads contributed to their efficiency in the transportation of goods. Along with communication and trade, the railroads made a significant change in the overall cost of transportation. First, railroads could be constructed across the country at one-third of the expense to build a single canal. This was primarily due to the on land construction, which took one-third of the time to build than canals, so workers were not being paid for such an extended period of time (Wade, 6). The railroads offered greater promise in making more money because they could be used for every season, all year long. The costs decreased even after the construction of railroads. The tolls on canals were expensive while the tolls on railroads were only one-third the cost per ton of that of canals. Also, railroads were preserved and repaired more easily than canals. While the cost to repair canals was extremely expensive, railroads were repaired at one-third the cost. When repairs were needed there was no delay for the passengers or the goods because it was quite customary to transfer from one rail station to another (Wade, 35). The decreased costs to build and repair both contributed to the lower rates of travel for the passengers. Railroad rates were based on cost, determined by weight, distance, and grade, not on profit. These decreased costs were important in promoting the railway industry because they offered such affordable means of traveling for their passengers. Overall, the rise of railroads across the United States in the 1800’s led to great benefits in communication, the transport of goods, and the overall decrease in cost of transportation. These factors all played important roles in the expansion of America. Breakthroughs in communication and trade led to the rise of major cities and industries. The low rates offered by the railways allowed affordable means of transportation for all people, which brought more and more settlers westward. Oscar Winther relates that â€Å"the building of these western railroads had been in a very real sense frontier enterprises; they were, by and large, gigantic thrusts into and across the heretofore unsettled domain† (Winther 116). It was, in fact, the railroads that led to the ultimate expansion of the American frontier.

BUREAU of ALCOHOL TOBACCO and FIREARMS essays

BUREAU of ALCOHOL TOBACCO and FIREARMS essays BUREAU of ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, and FIREARMS The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms is one of the most important Federal Agencies we have. It is dedicated to reducing violent crime, collecting revenue and protecting the public. The ATF, for short, has many different programs for alcohol, firearms, arson and explosives, and tobacco. The ATF has a long background starting in 1789. It serves a huge function to keeping illegal alcohol and guns off the streets. The ATF is in the news a lot for different reasons. It is a large agency with tremendous power. The ATF roots have been around for hundreds of years. It all started in 1789, when the first congress imposed a tax on alcohol to pay for a war debt. Congressional lawmakers were impressed with the job that Alexander Hamilton had done with the administrative duties on this tax. By 1862, Congress created an Office of Internal Revenue within the Treasury Department. It was responsible for charging the commissioner with collection, among others, of taxes on distilled spirits and tobacco products that continue today. In 1963 they started hiring agents to investigate and punish people who tried to get away with tax evasion. The Bureau of Internal Revenue did many things related with alcohol and tobacco; it became a burden. So when Prohibition came around they created the Treasurys Bureau of Prohibition. When Prohibition ended they created the Federal Alcohol Control Administration, the FACA. This was short lived so the came up with the FAA, Federal Alcohol Administration. In 19 34 the Alcohol Tax Unit, ATU, was created. At the same time, the FAA, functioning independently within Treasury, collecting data, to establish license and permit requirements, and define the regulations that ensure a fair marketplace for the alcohol industry and the consumer. In 1940 the FAA as and merged with the ATU. In 1952 the Bureau of Internal Revenue was dismantled. All of its alcohol ...

Finding Forest Land for Sale

Finding Forest Land for Sale Buying your first forested property can quickly turn into a nightmare. You can make the process much easier if you develop a plan using the following tips. Its also a good idea to use available legal and technical professionals as your budget allows. Foresters, lawyers, and accountants will help you ensure that the property is what you really want and that you are legally protected after all transactions are nailed down. Finding a Timber Market Value All you really have to do is find out what the property is worth and how much you are willing to spend to acquire the property. Alas, the devil in these details! Finding a fair market value for land and timber and knowing what you have to pay for the property isnt always easy- and they may not necessarily be the same. Land and permanent property appraisals may be separate from a timber appraisal. Initially, you need to brush up on tree measuring and selling of timber on the property to be appraised. The timber value can, in very few cases, be as much or more than the land value, and so its extremely important that it be assessed. A forestry novice will be quite lost without putting in some minimum study time and should find a forestry professional to determine the approximate value of the timber. Finding a Fair Market Property Value The next step is to put a value on the property and determine the amount you are willing to spend. You first start by verifying that the seller has what he or she says. This means researching bare-land values and performing a  timber analysis to determine volumes and values. Also, you need to explore what costs and revenues you will incur as you manage the property. This includes taxes, timber sales/management expenses, and hazard risks. A land appraiser who is also a forester should be consulted. Putting It All Together The biggest question to ask yourself when buying property is what you can afford to spend on land and trees. There are many formulas that can assist you, but the main questions are the following: What is the competition for your particular property type? Competition,  which equals demand, can influence your final offer,Where is the property situated in terms of access and timber markets and what amenities does the forest offer- including ponds or lakes, hunting, and other forms of real or potential forest recreation potential. Remember the old real estate adage- location, location, location!What is the current price for property in the area? You must know what others are paying for similar types of property. Why the seller is selling is a reasonable question to ask and often influences price.According to expert Mark Bice, RMS Inc., knowing why a seller sells can be beneficial. Various reasons including divorce, estate taxes, and death will encourage a quick and reasonable sale.

The Themes of The Last Days of Socrates and The Death of Ivan Ilych Essay

The Themes of The Last Days of Socrates and The Death of Ivan Ilych - Essay Example Ivan knew very that he was going to die, and this forced him to re-evaluate his life in a painful manner. Ivan also asked questions and tried to hide whenever deaths, sicknesses and recoveries were mentioned in his presence and more so when the sickness resembled his own. Inevitability of death and immortality of human souls is also evident in ‘The Last Days of Socrates. In the novel, Socrates held a dialogue with Phaedo on the nature of the afterlife. Socrates offered supporting arguments on the reasons as to why soul is immortal. Socrates believed that the soul is made up of basic forms, which are eternal and unchanging and that there was a different between soul and body. He was however executed by poison hemlock an indication that death was inevitable since human bodies are mortal while human souls are immortal. Socrates says ‘...anyone who does not know, and cannot prove that the soul is immortal must be afraid, unless he is a fool’ (Plato 170). From the two s tories, it is quite evident that the acceptance of death, as well as the recognition of the unpredictable nature of life allows room for peace, joy and confidence at the moment of death. The two stories clearly show how the characters understood of the mortality of human bodies and the immortality of human souls. ... The authentic life usually cultivates mutual affirmation of human relationships, which usually break down isolation and give room for interpersonal contact. The artificial life is defined as the depreciation which usually hides the true meaning of life and leaves one terrified of death. The artificial life usually leaves people empty and alone while the authentic life fosters strength through comfort and solidarity through empathy and also creates a bond as it prepares people to meet their death. Gerasim is too confident and not afraid of death and is able to lessen the pain felt by Ivan by sharing with him. Gerasim provides spiritual support to Ivan an indication of authentic life. The virtue of authentic life is evident between Gerasim and Ivan a clear indication that authentic life is the right life. Right life is also evident in ‘The last days of Socrates’. Socrates brings in the theme of right life in the form of justice. In his dialogues, Socrates questions on the meaning of justice and whether the type of justice he went through were the right life. Socrates dialogues, which Euthypho, apology, Crito and Phaedo describes his trial as well as the execution. In his dialogue with Euthypho, Socrates finds it quite surprising on how someone would bring charges against his own father and finds it quite pious to bring charges against someone he loved. In ‘apology’ Socrates defends himself when cross examined by Meletus and said that he was to poor for him to be a sophist or a teacher of rhetoric as charged. He said it was unjust for him to be charged as his accusers were the ones who corrupted the youths and unjustly sentenced him using the laws. In his speech, Socrates said ‘...the jury has hadmany negative opinions from people about me long

PESTLE Analysis Ford Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PESTLE Analysis Ford - Lab Report Example The major product segment of the company includes cars, trucks and utility vehicles (Ford, 2013b). Ford cars are perceived as affordable as well as luxury cars in the market. The large product portfolio, including products such as Sedans, Hatchbacks and SUVs, cater to large group of customers. The company has differentiated itself from other automobile companies though its vision and understanding of the impact of culture on the automobile industry in future. In the present report, the current strategies and tactics implemented by the company are discussed and analyzed. A macro environmental analysis has been done to find out the present socio-cultural and environmental factors affecting United Kingdom and how the organization needs to make strategies in order to cope up with these situations. Methods and Reasons The company embraces all the traditional objectives which were given by its founder. However, looking at the current environment and continuously changing business and polit ical culture, the brand has also established many strategies to compliment with the change. Ford is the current leader in innovative cars (Ford, 2013c). Features concerned with safety, advanced technology and effort for energy and efficacy are important factors which influence the strategies of the company. Employees in the organization work together as a team and as a global and lean enterprise for leadership in automobile (Mistry, 2005). The company operates by aggressively structuring with the objective of profitable operations. The current demand for automotives is very volatile and the mix of models has to be constantly changed to meet the demands of the customers. The organization focuses on accelerating developments of those products and services which are valued by their customers. To remain profitable and well as growing, the company always makes sure that financial planning is appropriate and the balance sheet is continuously improving. The brand operates on the goals of p roviding profitable growth. The brand has its presence in over 30 countries and the company has taken all measures in providing exact requirements of the different market. Looking at the different market preferences, the company has specialized in providing personalized designs and models suiting the geographic and demographic profiles of the markets where the organization is operating. PESTLE Analysis Political Continuous growth in campaigning and elections has widened the political environment in the United Kingdom. Presence of small clusters of specialty groups makes it extremely difficult for a large organization to concentrate on one political group. Factors such as exchange rates, oil prices and free trade flows have a direct impact on the functioning of automobile sector. In the present political scenario, volatility in oil prices due to various political unrest in Arab as well as major oil producing countries, have resulted in revamping of the strategies and budgeting by maj or automobile companies. Foreign regulations and laws and foreign ownership regulations may also impact the overall revenue generation of the company in the countries where it is operating. Economic Like the rest of the automobile companies, Ford motor has also suffered huge losses due to the current recession and volatile economic and business environment. The recession that occurred in 2008 was followed by downfall of the banking industry. However, Ford has been able to stay afloat and keep a profitable business during

Analysis of Cross Cultural Management of Ericsson Company Assignment

Analysis of Cross Cultural Management of Ericsson Company - Assignment Example The different countries have different beliefs, traditions, and religions giving rise to a wide array of the cultures. The management of the companies has grown keeping in view with the culture of the different countries giving rise to the cross-cultural management. It has become a prime concept in the context of the modern business environment for the development of the business. The corporate culture today is involved in understanding the essence of the different cultures of the countries. It has become important for the companies to understand the cultures of the countries they operate and influence the operations of the companies. The companies in the different countries employ the people of the country who are influenced by the domestic culture. It is important to understand the culture to understand the operations and the activity of the employees in the countries. The management has to get a hold over the culture to influence the change in the organization and to look into the development of it. It has become an integral part of the organizations in the world over and it is not merely an â€Å"add-on†. (Lakomski, 2005, P. 42; Tjosvold & Leung, 2003, P. 156)   The paper will deal with the business case of Ericsson. Ericsson is a Swedish telecommunications company and a firm in the industry that can offer end-to-end solutions in the sector. The company has been successful in its operations in the world over and India, as a market held a good proposition for the country. In fact, about 40% of the total calls made in the world are routed through the networks of Ericsson.  This underlines the size of the company and the prospect, which the company possesses. In the case of India, Ericsson has entered the market at the start of the 20th century. The company dealt in the switches in the electric board. India, as a market of the mobile technology, took a giant step in the decade of the 1990s

The Absence Of Mr Glass English Literature Essay

The Absence Of Mr Glass English Literature Essay In May 29 1874, Gilbert Keith Chesterton was born in London, England. In 1887, He enrolls as a day student at St. Pauls Preparatory School and begins writing and sketching in journals. His time there was not outstanding like his writings. He lacked the capability to direct his attention to subjects that did not interest him. Physically he was a large and clumsy boy, and in athletics he won no distinction whatsoever (British Writers, 1983, Vol. 6, P.335-246). He was depressed, which triggered his thoughts of suicide. Though he was intelligent, his academic career was not going so well. However, he blossomed with his writing and with the encouragement of his friends. He enjoyed debating and journalism. In 1893 however, when he joined the Slade School of Art, he experimented with an Ouija board and became almost fascinated with diabolism. In 1895 Chesterton left University College without a degree and worked for the London Publisher Redway and T. Fisher Unwin (Gilbert Keith Chesterton-Biography and works). In 1899, war broke out against two small Dutch South African Republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. Chesterton had strong political interests (Biography: G K Chesterton, writer). Chesterton opposed this war, not because he was a pacifist, but because he thought that this was an unjust war. Chestertons liberalism was always a liberalism of belief in small unites. He hated imperialism and large units and the uniformity that imperialisms tyranny imposed upon people of different traditions. He was in violent reaction against the popular imperialism of the day (British Writers, 1983, Vol. 6, P.335-246). In 1896, he fell in love with a girl named Frances Blogg only to fin d him in a spiritual crisis in 1900. Then, in 1901 he married Frances Blogg, who pulled him out of his spiritual crisis. In 1901, he begins writing a regular Saturday column for Daily News, much to his journalisms delight. He was then asked to preach in 1905 at St. Pauls Church, along with entering a 30-year public debate with George Bernard Shaw (Chestertons Literary Life). He was officially received into the roman Catholic Church in 1922, but had been writing from a Roman Catholic point of view for a long time before that( G K Chesterton, Writer). Though he was a journalist, Chesterton wrote many fiction novels. He wrote books like the Father Brown Mystery novels, and the adventure story The Man Who Was Thursday. The tone of the story, as of every Chesterton story, is strongly affected by the exuberant style of the author (G K Chesterton, Writer). Chesterton was influenced by many people in his lifetime. In his childhood, when he was struggling, he surrounded himself with a group of friends. One of these friends would be recognized later in life as E.C. Bentley; who created a light verse known as the clerihew and helped formed the Junior Debating Club. He was also influenced by his family, which gave him his liberal nature concerning politics. His parents were Unitarian in religion; but that was something he did not inherit. However, his little brother Cecil joined the Roman Catholic Church in 1913 (Chestertons Literary Life). Unfortunately, just five years later in 1918, Cecil dies in war. The next year he traveled with his wife Frances to Jerusalem, the Continent, and North America. He fell gravely ill in 1914, which it is unknown to as whether it related to his death in 1936. He died the 14 of June in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. During his life he published 69 books and another ten of them would be published after his de ath (Chestertons Literary Life). Overview/Summary of Father Brown Mystery Stories: Mr. Glass This story is from a collection of the Father Brown Mystery Collection. The story begins with a scientist by the name of Orion Hood is reading a grand collection of novels. The novels whereabouts and identities were emphasized strongly in this story. The Doctor was suddenly interrupted by a disheveled man, stumbling over heavy load of luggage and an umbrella. It was Father Brown, the priest, who had come to see him. Father Brown then begins to explain the situation that he has come for advice on, because Dr. Hood has assisted criminologists and detectives in his career, because he was a genius in his department and in his studies. So Father Brown, a detective as well as a priest, came to him with a case. He asks for the help of the doctor to solve a case involving a young couple, Mr. Todhunter and Ms. MacNab. They are planning a wedding and the mother of Ms. MacNab is complaining about the profession of young Todd. She says that he spends hours in his room, talking to an unknown pers on named Mr. Glass, who is described as a tall dark stranger with a silk top hat on. The young man denies these accusations and says that his trade will be revealed before the wedding. The young woman suddenly interrupts the discussion, saying that Todd had been tied up and a murder could have occurred. Naturally, Father Brown and Dr. Hood rush to the seaside hotel and investigate the so called murder. What they find when they arrive is a man tied up with scarves on the floor, presumed to be Mr. Todd, of course. They examine the room intensely to understand the gravity of the situation, and find several key items. First, they discover two wineglasses on the table and then a smashed one on the floor. Then they also discover a sword with a drop of blood on the tip, along with a silk top hat, much too large for Mr. Todd, with no trace of hair inside of it. There were playing cards scattered across the floor as well. Dr. Hood deduces that the sword was the murder weapon of Mr. Glass, and the glasses on the floor were from their session together. The hat belonged to Mr. Glass, and he was evidently bald because there was no hair on his head and he was also elderly. He al so deduced that Todd could break free from his binds at any time, and that this was his cover up for killing Mr. Glass, who was evidently buried somewhere in the garden or stuffed up the chimney (Chesterton, Gilbert Keith). But when the clever man thinks he has solved the case, Todd begins laughing because of the accusations Dr. Hood placed on him. Father Brown then figures out the truth: Todd is really a magician. The hat was too big for him because it wasnt meant to be worn, it was meant for pulling rabbits out of. The glasses and the conversations between him and Mr. Glass were really Todd juggling and saying one, two, three, missed a glass, not Mr. Glass. The playing cards scattered all over the floor was him trying to perform card tricks. Lastly, the sword with blood was him trying to swallow swords and falling. As for the scarves, he was trying to perform a Houdini and escape from them successfully. Critical Analysis: Influences Throughout Chestertons childhood he wasnt athletic or popular. He had trouble academically, which I believe was the influence on the character Dr. Hood, who was extremely intelligent and at the end of the story, was dumbfounded because his deductions are wrong and Father Brown figured out the truth. When Chesterton went to college he struggled with skepticism and depression in 1893 and during this period he experimented with an Ouija board and grew fascinated with diabolism. (Gilbert Keith Chesterton) These events may have influenced his writing of Heretics or the mystery stories he wrote in collections called The Father Brown Mystery Stories, or the Wisdom of Father Brown. . Chestertons religion also came into play with his writings. He wrote many speeches for churches and books that often the character struggled for good morals and godly behavior. His novel, the man who was Thursday, was an anarchist named Thursday who struggled with his self and his religion. There is also a character named Sunday who is considered to resemble God in his characteristics. That was partly influenced by his experiments with the Ouija board and with his wife, Frances Blogg, who was a major part in pulling him out of his crisis (Gilbert Keith Chesterton). .Critical Analysis: Main Themes The main themes of Chestertons novels revolve mainly around religion and changing circumstances. In his novel, The Man Who was Thursday, the main theme of it is focused mainly on the character Sundays shifting perceptions of Sunday. The detective initially experiences a vague sense of evil in the presence of this godly figure, but is later replaced with respect for the man, who is thought to represent the human failure to completely fathom the paradoxes of life and nature (The Man Who Was Thursday). In his short story The Absence of Mr. Glass the themes that are evident are the changing circumstances. The circumstance changes drastically when Dr. Hood indicts the murder of the pseudo Mr. Glass on Todhunter, but the truth was ironically discovered by Father Brown when he points out the truth of the murder objects. His novel The Man Who was Thursdays theme also focused on spiritual struggle, something Chesterton himself also experienced during his years of college that he ended up dropping out of. Religion is a theme for most of his stories because of his own struggles with it, when he became fascinated with diabolism (Gilbert Keith Chesterton) and when he was writing from a Catholic point of view when he was accepted into the church in 1922 but in 1905 when he was asked to speak for the churchs behalf. Critical Analysis: Stylistic Devices All authors use some method of literary and stylistic device. G.K. Chesterton was no exception. In his story he incorporated many devices, such as similes. But if one took a volume of Chaucer or Shelley from that rank, its absence irritated the mind like a gap in a mans front teeth. (Chesterton, Gilbert K.). He used such devices like synesthesia, which is words describing different sensations. For example, in his story he uses heathen holiness (Chesterton, Gilbert K.). The effect of synesthesia is meant to be poetic and to provoke thoughts to the reader. Chesterton also uses rhetorical questions in his writing, such as Maggie MacNab and young Todhunter want to get married. Now, what can be more important than that? (Chesterton, Gilbert K.). The effect of a rhetorical question is the emphasis of the subject. Chesterton enjoys using a lot of allegories in his writing, for example in The Man Who Was Thursday. The suffering of the main character was contributed to Chesterton, who also suffered from depression during his college days at Slades Art School, and claimed afterwards that he wrote this book as a strange confirmation that goodness was at the heart of every aspect of the world. He also used aspects of the bible in this work, Sunday, the character that represented God, sits on a throne in front of the other members of the anarchists. His last words were, can ye drink of the cup that I drink of?, and that is the same question that Jesus asks James and John in Mark 10:38-39, because he wanted to challenge their commitment in becoming his disciples. Critical Analysis: Characters Since the Father Brown mystery stories were short stories, the characters were not as plentiful as are in longer stories. But the characters that are mentioned are Father Brown, Maggie MacNab, Mr. Todhunter, Dr. Orion Hood, and Mrs. MacNab. Father Brown was the detective, and he added to the story because he introduced the idea to the doctor and was demeaned somewhat by the presence of the scientist and logical sense of Dr. Hood. He seems rather disorganized, as well as not as intelligent as Dr. Orion Hood. Maggie MacNab did not add much to this thrilling short story except she was the one who informed the Father and doctor of her courters current situation. Mr. Todhunter was the innocent magician; he was practicing his tricks and was wrongly accused of murder by Dr. Hood. Dr. Hood was the brilliant scientist, who deduced a wrong persecution of Mr. Todd from a convincing set of clues. When the doctor was contradicted of his intelligent assumption it was rather of a shock to the reader because he was seemingly as intelligent as Sherlock Holmes. Lastly there is Mrs. MacNab, mother of Maggie MacNab, who misheard the mutterings of the magician as she nosed in on his room whilst he was practicing his magical arts alone. She interpreted ventriloquism and Mr. Todd saying missed a glass into a second person named Mr. Glass into the conversation with Mr. Todhunter. In the story, Maggie MacNabs mother overheard some conversations between Mr. Todhunter and the fictitious Mr. Glass. She hears Mr. Todd talk, then overhears a strange, high pitched voice. She assumes it to be another person, but is actually Mr. Todd practicing his ventriloquism, for he is a magician. Mr. Glass was rumored to be a tall, strange man in a silk top hat with a strange spectral quality to his presence. Such rumors were false, of course, because Mr. Glass was nothing more than misinterpreted dialect of the magician with himself. The point of Mr. Glass was that he was a made up character by the household to explain Mr. Toddhunters strange behavior as a reticent magician.

gatcolor Color Symbols and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Color Symbolism in The Great Gatsby Colors can symbolize many different things. Artists use colors in their paintings when they want you to see what they are trying to express. Like if an artist is trying to express sorrow or death he often uses blacks blues, and grays basically he uses dreary colors. You automatically feel what the artist is trying to express. When the artist uses bright colors you feel warm and you feel happiness. In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald is like an artist. He uses colors to symbolize the many different intangible ideas in the book. He uses the color yellow to symbolize moral decay decadence and death. Then he uses the color white to symbolize innocence. He also uses the color green to express hope. Fitzgerald's use of the color green the strongest. Although these are not the only colors that Fitzgerald uses for symbolism, they are the ones that he expresses the most. This book is a very colorful book in the sense that it uses colors to cover so many different aspects of peoples lives. Fitzgerald uses the color yellow to symbolize moral decay. On (Page 18) he writes " The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair." He is talking about Tom and Jordan Baker, and he is suggesting that tom might be heading for moral decay. In the book there are several things that Tom does that might prove this. First of all Tom is having an affair with Myrtle Wilson. A second thing is that he does not like Gatsby, and several times he tries to prove that he is not who he says he is. Tom even hires a detective to prove this. Gatsby had a Rolls Royce that was yellow "His station wagon scampered like a yellow brisk-bug . . ." (Page 39). Gatsby's car was referred to many times in the book, but it was always referred to as "The yellow car" (Page 157). The color yellow was used most frequently when there was a death. One of the first things that Fitzgerald wrote about when Myrtle died was when they laid her on a table in the garage.